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Jul 03, 2016 Return from void functions in C. Void functions are “void” due to the fact that they are not supposed to return values. True, but not completely. We cannot return values but there is something we can surely return from void functions. Some of cases are listed below.
Switch case statement is used when we have multiple conditions and we need to perform different action based on the condition. When we have multiple conditions and we need to execute a block of statements when a particular condition is satisfied. In such case either we can use lengthy if..else-if statement or switch case. The problem with lengthy if..else-if is that it becomes complex when we have several conditions. The switch case is a clean and efficient method of handling such scenarios.
- The return statement terminates the execution of a function and returns control to the calling function. Execution resumes in the calling function at the point immediately following the call. A return statement can also return a value to the calling function.
- If control reaches the end of the main function, return 0; is executed. Flowing off the end of a value-returning function (except main) without a return statement is undefined behavior. In a function returning void, the return statement with expression can be used, if the expression type is void.
- The C and C standards only define two possible meanings for the main return value, namely process success and process failure. Following the standard you can invoke the failure meaning by returning EXITFAILURE, and you can invoke the success meaning by returning 0 or by returning EXITSUCCESS, where the two named constants are macro symbols defined by, Which, as it happens, also.
- Return Statement (C) Terminates the execution of a function and returns control to the calling function (or to the operating system if you transfer control from the main function). Execution resumes in the calling function at the point immediately following the call.
- Jun 08, 2014 Searches related to c function return value what is a function c c main function return value function must return a value c c macro function return value c function overloading return.
The syntax of Switch case statement:
Switch Case statement is mostly used with break statement even though the break statement is optional. We will first see an example without break statement and then we will discuss switch case with break
Example of Switch Case
Output:
Explanation: In switch I gave an expression, you can give variable as well. I gave the expression num+2, where num value is 5 and after addition the expression resulted 7. Since there is no case defined with value 4 the default case got executed.
Switch Case Flow Diagram
It evaluates the value of expression or variable (based on whatever is given inside switch braces), then based on the outcome it executes the corresponding case.
Break statement in Switch Case
Before we discuss about break statement, Let’s see what happens when we don’t use break statement in switch case. See the example below:
Output:
In the above program, we have the variable i inside switch braces, which means whatever the value of variable i is, the corresponding case block gets executed. We have passed integer value 2 to the switch, so the control switched to the case 2, however we don’t have break statement after the case 2 that caused the flow to continue to the subsequent cases till the end. However this is not what we wanted, we wanted to execute the right case block and ignore rest blocks. The solution to this issue is to use the break statement in after every case block.
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Break statements are used when you want your program-flow to come out of the switch body. Whenever a break statement is encountered in the switch body, the execution flow would directly come out of the switch, ignoring rest of the cases. This is why you must end each case block with the break statement.
Let’s take the same example but this time with break statement.
Output:
Now you can see that only case 2 got executed, rest of the subsequent cases were ignored.
Why didn’t I use break statement after default?
The control would itself come out of the switch after default so I didn’t use break statement after it, however if you want you can use it, there is no harm in doing that.
The control would itself come out of the switch after default so I didn’t use break statement after it, however if you want you can use it, there is no harm in doing that.
Important Notes
1) Case doesn’t always need to have order 1, 2, 3 and so on. It can have any integer value after case keyword. Also, case doesn’t need to be in an ascending order always, you can specify them in any order based on the requirement.
2) You can also use characters in switch case. for example –
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3) Nesting of switch statements are allowed, which means you can have switch statements inside another switch. However nested switch statements should be avoided as it makes program more complex and less readable.
So we've learnt how to collect basic data from the user, but wouldn't it be useful if we could do different things depending on what the user typed in? Well this happens to be a very core concept of computer programming, and we can do exactly as previously described with these things called 'if' statements. These are basic statements which allow us to do certain things only in certain conditions.
The first thing we're going to learn about is the 'if' itself. Just write the
if
keyword and then in some brackets, the condition. To specify the condition you simply write one value (either a variable or constant), then the comparison operator you want to compare them with (for example - equal to, which is ) and then the second value (either a variable or constant). We then put some curly brackets, and anything inside the curly brackets is what will be executed if the condition is true. For example, the following would compare 1 to 1 (which is a bit silly, but gives an example which is obviously always true):Note that the value that you are comparing the second thing to must match the type of the first thing - for example, if comparing a string you must either compare to a string variable, or to a string constant (and remember that string constants are always shown in double quotes). In our example, however, one always equals one, so it's not much of a condition -- we can use variables to actually create a somewhat useful condition:
In this case the program would output 'Wow, I'm 16 too!' if the user entered the value 16, but would not output anything if the user inputted any other number. We can also compare any two variables using the same method:
The issue we have at the moment, is that in most programs we aren't always going to want to just check if something is equal to something else. What if we wanted to check if something was less than, or greater than, or not equal to something else? Well luckily there are other comparison operators we can use instead of just being restricted to the 'is equal to' operator (). 'Less Than' (
<
) and 'Greater Than' (>
) are relatively simple - they are simply their usual symbols, and so we could check if the user's height is greater than their age like this:We can also do 'Greater Than or Equal To' and 'Less Than or Equal To' by simply adding a single equals sign after the appropriate symbol. For example, we could check if the user's height was less than or equal to their age like this:
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There are also the simple 'equal to' and 'not equal to' conditional operators. We already know 'equal to' as , and 'not equal to' is an exclamation mark followed by an equals sign:
!=
. So we could check if the user's height doesn't equal their age like so:Ok, so now that we can compare two values pretty well - what if we want to do a variety of things depending on different conditions? For example if we wanted to do one thing if their height and age were equal, and if they aren't then do something else if another condition is met. Well we can accomplish this using 'else if'. You can just write
else if
after your closing curly bracket for your original 'if' statement, and then specify your 'else if' condition followed by the curly brackets to contain the code to be executed if they are met. For example:Return Statement In Dev C Download
Notice that it's very easy just to string together 'if's and 'else if's, in this case I've just chained two 'else if's off my original 'if'. We can also specify something to do if none of the conditions are met (in our example above this wouldn't really be useful since it's impossible not to meet any of the conditions, but it's generally good practice to put an else in just in case something goes seriously wrong). We can do this using the
else
keyword, and then some curly brackets to specify the code that could be executed at the end of our 'daisy chain':Return Statement In Dev C Sample
A great example of 'daisy chaining' these all up is to create a program which asks for a student's test score, and then spits out the grade that they got. Try and create such an application yourself and see how you do. One solution to the problem is as follows, however it's worth noting that repeating this much code should be making your 'bad code' sense tingle! It goes against the 'Don't Repeat Yourself' principle of programming, but for now, a solution like this will have to do: